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How To Start A Small Business


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If you’re launching your own business, you have a ton of questions that need to be answered: How do you name your business? How do you register it? Will people think your product is good enough to purchase? And how will you afford to get it off the ground when you still have bills to pay? 

With the help of experts and entrepreneurs, we’ve created this guide to help you figure out the solutions to the above questions and more. Read on and find out what you need to do to successfully launch your small business.

Use these services to legally register your business

Already have your business plan ready and just need help legally forming it? These companies can help.

How to start a small business

Research your market

It’s great that you have a dream and ambition, but you need to make sure there’s a market for whatever product you want to create.

“It’s important to do that market research prior to spending any kind of money so you can make sure you have something,” says Abby Mercado, a former venture capitalist and founder of Rescripted, a women’s health media company.

When done right, market research can reveal your ideal customer’s specific needs, as well as the solutions they’ve tried before, your competitors, the price your customers are willing to pay, and more.

How to use social media and real-life feedback for your market research

Social media can give you an idea of what your potential customers are talking about online. If you’re planning to launch a dog food company, for example, searching Reddit or going through the comments on competitors’ TikTok and Instagram accounts can yield valuable information about what your customer wants. This approach is often referred to as “social media listening.”

But it’s also important that you don’t limit your research to just searching around online and social media. For example, when Mercado was doing market research for what would eventually become Rescripted, a media company focused on women’s reproductive health, she reached out to a fertility clinic she was familiar with and got feedback from a doctor there. According to Mercado, the doctor loved her idea and introduced her to potential customers who gave her even more feedback.

Questions to ask for good feedback

Here are some thought starters around the types of questions that would be useful to ask your target customer: 

  • Which brands (in your targeted market) have you purchased from in the last 3 months?
  • How satisfied are you with the products/solutions that already exist for this market? 
  • What was your reasoning for purchasing from a competitor? 
  • Which features are most useful to you? 
  • How do you prefer to shop for this product/service? 
  • At what price would you be unwilling to purchase this product? 

You can also get more useful feedback if you’re able to give people an example of your product. For instance, if you want to open up a bakery, maybe whip up a small batch of cookies and hand them out in your neighborhood in exchange for people answering some questions.

Friends and family can sometimes be a good place to start looking for feedback about your offerings, but make sure you’re surveying your ideal customer. This is the person who will most likely compare your business to competitors before deciding to buy. So if you’re opening a butcher shop but your mom’s a vegan, consider getting feedback from someone else. 

Formulate a business plan

A business plan is a document that includes your business’s goals and the framework you’ll follow to achieve them. It can be a helpful document regardless of your business’s size and whether this is your first business or your tenth. 

One of the most useful functions of a business plan is that it keeps you and your team organized and on the same page. If you’re launching your business with a partner or are hiring a senior leader, having a written document everyone agrees on can help smooth over arguments about strategy.

A business plan also provides a roadmap for how you need to market your business and earn revenue during different stages of its growth. By identifying certain milestones in your plan, you can get a general sense of whether your business is on track or if you need to make adjustments. 

Finally, when you’re applying for a business loan, grant or other types of funding, people may want to see your business plan before they give you money. 

The Small Business Administration (SBA) suggests your business plan include the following:

  • An executive summary that provides basic information about your company and team, including what your product is and your company’s mission. 
  • A company description with more specific details about the market you serve and the advantages you believe you have that will give you an edge over the competition. 
  • Trends or themes you’re seeing in your target market.
  • The legal structure of your business and who will be on your team (also mention if you’re flying solo).
  • An in-depth description of your product or service (including any patent filings and copyrights) as well as your marketing plan. 
  • A declaration that you’re seeking funding (if applicable). It can also be a good idea to include your financial projections with your funding request if you’re approaching investors for your business. 

The different types of business models

The business model is the part of your business plan that breaks down how you’ll make money.

There are many business models and plenty of examples of companies that have obtained success with each one. Picking the right one depends on the nature of your business (among other things), since what works for a tech start-up might not fly for a food truck.  

Service (Fee-for-service)

As the name may suggest, a service-based business model involves carrying out a task or service in exchange for a fee. The fee may be paid as a fixed sum or an hourly rate. Common small business examples using a fee-for-service model include consulting, coaching or freelance work. 

Subscription

A subscription business model involves charging a fixed fee on a recurring basis in exchange for a product or service. This is a common model among online service providers, but it can also be used to sell physical products, such as subscription boxes.

Freemium

This business model involves introducing customers to a free, basic version of the service in the hopes that they’ll upgrade to a paid premium version with more features. Because this business model makes it possible for some customers to simply stick with the free version, it isn’t ideal for product-based businesses. One example of a freemium business model is an app with free basic features and premium features that are unlocked when you pay to upgrade your plan.  

Product

This type of business model involves selling a physical item in exchange for money. Products can either be sold in-person (think: bakery, ice cream shop, stationery store, etc.) or online as an e-commerce brand. It can be costly to produce a product so the goal is to make the item for a low cost and sell it at a higher price. 

Fund your business

You’re going to need some type of funding to get your business up and running. Those costs can range from the equivalent of a night out to the price of a midsize sedan (and more) depending on your business, but you have plenty of options to secure your seed money. 

These are the most common ways to finance your small business idea.

Bootstrapping 

Best for: Businesses with low startup costs; founders with enough personal savings

Bootstrapping is perhaps the simplest way to fund your business because it involves spending your own money to get started. You don’t have to apply for funding or worry about paying back a lender. 

Bootstrapping works best when you have low start-up costs (or if you have a high amount of personal wealth). The biggest risk with bootstrapping is sinking too much money in the business and then coming up short in your personal life when you need cash for an emergency or to cover the essentials.

If you aren’t in a place where you feel comfortable assuming the risk of bootstrapping, there are other options to consider. 

Crowdfunding 

Best for: Raising small amounts

Crowdfunding involves asking multiple people to provide small amounts of money to help you reach a larger funding goal for a business idea. So if you need $5,000, you might have 200 people giving you small amounts of money to help you reach that goal. 

With crowdfunding, you typically don’t have to pay back the people who gave you money (though some crowdfunding platforms make you give the cash back if you don’t reach your funding goal within a certain amount of time). 

When Dr. Jenny Woo was working to launch Mind Brain Emotion, a deck of skill-building cards, she used a combination of bootstrapping with a small amount of money and crowdfunding through Kickstarter. 

“For me personally, Kickstarter was the lowest risk,” she explains. “The worst risk is you don’t get funded. It’s also less time-consuming than if you were to pitch [to investors] or try to get a loan.”

Crowdfunding can be a good way to close small funding gaps that you can’t afford to fill with your personal savings. However, keep in mind that many campaigns may only last 30 to 60 days on the platform so you have to be realistic about how much money you can raise in that time. 

Some crowdfunding platforms charge a platform fee. The fee is charged as a percentage of the total funds you raise and it can range from 5% to 12%. This obviously eats into the money you can walk away with.

Grants

Best for: Businesses that don’t need urgent funding; businesses that can meet any usage rules

A grant is a lump sum of money awarded to a business or organization that doesn’t need to be paid back. Business grants are commonly provided by government organizations, nonprofits and corporations. 

You’ll need to fill out an application to be considered. Some grant application processes may have lengthy approval and disbursement timelines so even if you qualify it may take some time to receive the funds. This is why grants may not be for everyone. If you need money more urgently to fund product development, you may need to look at other options.

While it can take a while to be awarded grant money, it can be well worth it if you don’t need to dip into your savings or take on debt for your business. 

Also keep in mind that some grants have strict rules on how you can use the funding. For instance, some grants may only be used to fund research and development while others can only be used for purchasing equipment. 

Small business loans 

Best for: Founders who need a large lump sum of money upfront and can afford to make small, incremental repayments

Unlike a grant, a small business loan is money that’s provided by a lender that must be paid back within a certain amount of time. The terms of your small business loan can depend on your credit score, the type of business you’re running and how much money you need. 

You’ll also need to pay interest in addition to the principal amount. So before you decide to take on a small business loan, make sure you can afford to pay it back without defaulting on your balance. 

CNBC Select ranks OnDeck as one of the best small business loan lenders for its same-day funding service, and Kiva for its 0% interest crowdfunded microloans.

OnDeck

  • Types of loans

  • Better Business Bureau (BBB) rating

  • Loan amounts

  • Terms

  • Minimum credit score needed

  • Minimum requirements

    In business at least 1 year, $100,000 annual revenue, business bank account

Pros

  • Potential for same-day cash disbursement (only available in certain states, for term loans up to $100,000)
  • Top-tier A+ rating with the BBB
  • Low minimum credit score
  • Fixed monthly payments
  • 100% Prepayment Benefit option, so you can pay your loan off early without any penalty or fee

Cons

  • Doesn’t lend to businesses in Nevada, North Dakota or South Dakota
  • Early prepayment fee if you don’t qualify for the 100% Prepayment Benefit

Kiva

  • Types of loans

    Peer-to-peer crowdfunded loan

  • Better Business Bureau (BBB) rating

  • Loan amounts

  • Terms

  • Minimum credit score needed

    No minimum credit score required

  • Minimum requirements

    You must be 18, live in the U.S., use this loan for business purposes, not currently in foreclosure, bankruptcy or have any liens, and have a small number of your friends and family willing to make a loan to you (Nevada and North Dakota residents are not ineligible)

Pros

  • Ability to borrow with no interest
  • Loans are geared toward borrowers who are unbanked and have trouble qualifying for financial products
  • Ability to market your product to 1.6 million lenders on Kiva

Cons

  • You need to prove your creditworthiness by inviting friends and family to lend to you
  • It can take a while to receive your loan since investors need to raise money
  • No BBB rating

Small business credit card 

Best for: Founders who want access to a line of credit for small expenses over time

A small business credit card also involves taking on debt to finance your business costs. Unlike a loan, a business credit card is a form of revolving credit that you can use repeatedly (so long as you make good on your payments). This can make it more flexible than a loan, where you need to apply for a lump sum upfront, requiring you to know exactly how much money you’ll need from the very beginning. 

The Blue Business® Plus Credit Card from American Express is a strong option for business credit because it offers a 0% intro APR period of 12 months on purchases from the date of account opening (18.49% – 26.49% variable APR after that; APR will not exceed 29.99%). (See rates and fees).

The Blue Business® Plus Credit Card from American Express

On the American Express secure site

  • Rewards

    Earn 2X Membership Rewards® points on everyday business purchases up to $50,000 per year, then 1X point per dollar

  • Welcome bonus

    Earn 15,000 Membership Rewards® points after you spend $3,000 in eligible purchases on the Card within your first 3 months of Card Membership.

  • Annual fee

  • Intro APR

    0% for 12 months on purchases from date of account opening

  • Regular APR

    18.49% – 26.49% variable; APRs will not exceed 29.99%

  • Balance transfer fee

  • Foreign transaction fee

  • Credit needed

Pros

  • No annual fee
  • Straightforward rewards program

Cons

  • 2.7% foreign transaction fee

Ink Business Unlimited® Credit Card

  • Rewards

    Earn 1.5% cash back on every purchase made for your business

  • Welcome bonus

    Earn $750 bonus cash back after you spend $6,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening

  • Annual fee

  • Intro APR

    0% for the first 12 months from account opening on purchases; N/A for balance transfers

  • Regular APR

  • Balance transfer fee

    Either $5 or 5% of the amount of each transfer, whichever is greater

  • Foreign transaction fee

  • Credit needed

Pros

  • No annual fee
  • Free employee cards
  • Simple cash-back program
  • Special financing offer for purchases

Cons

  • 3% fee charged on purchases made outside the U.S.

Which funding method is right for you?

Marcus by Goldman Sachs High Yield Online Savings

Goldman Sachs Bank USA is a Member FDIC.

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

  • Minimum balance

  • Monthly fee

  • Maximum transactions

    At this time, there is no limit to the number of withdrawals or transfers you can make from your online savings account

  • Excessive transactions fee

  • Overdraft fee

  • Offer checking account?

  • Offer ATM card?

Pros

  • Strong APY
  • No minimum balance or deposit
  • No monthly fees
  • No limit on withdrawals or transfers
  • Easy-to-use mobile banking app
  • Offers no-fee personal loans

Cons

  • Higher APYs offered elsewhere
  • No option to add a checking account
  • No ATM access

LendingClub High-Yield Savings

LendingClub Bank, N.A., Member FDIC

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

  • Minimum balance

    No minimum balance requirement after $100.00 to open the account

  • Monthly fee

  • Maximum transactions

  • Excessive transactions fee

  • Overdraft fees

  • Offer checking account?

  • Offer ATM card?

Taking on debt to start your business should be a last resort and only used after careful consideration. You must be confident that you can pay back in full any money you borrow for your business. 

Pick a business name

LegalZoom

  • Cost

  • App available?

  • Standout features

    LegalZoom offers all sorts of legal document templates online so users can avoid having to hire an outside lawyer. Its downloadable wills, living wills and financial power of attorney documents make it easy to estate plan. LegalZoom also has its own network of attorneys that customers can utilize to ask questions, etc.

Create a website for your business

Squarespace

  • Cost

    Plans start at $16/month when you pay annually

  • Free trial available?

  • Standout features

    Squarespace offers several features for building yourself a website, including a wide variety of templates to choose from, support from a Squarespace web designer, marketing tools, a logo maker and more. Its offerings cater to several industries and website uses including blogs, portfolios, fitness, beauty, restaurants, artists, photographers and weddings to name a few.

Wix

  • Cost

  • Free trial available?

    No free trial but Wix offers a 14-day money back guarantee

  • Standout features

    Squarespace offers over 900 website templates, and a website building tool that leverages AI to design a site based on your desired customizations.

However, if you’re selling goods and your website is your online storefront, you’ll need more functions such as accepting (and processing) customer payments, collecting contact information, displaying your goods in an easy-to-navigate user interface and more. You can still use services to build a more complicated e-commerce website on your own, but it may be worth hiring an expert depending on your skill, time and patience.

Here are some signs that you may want to hire a website designer instead of creating the website yourself:

  • You need advanced features to help you sell products online. 
  • You need a long-term relationship with a designer to help your site evolve as your business grows.
  • You’re too busy to do it yourself and are comfortable spending the money to have someone else do it.

Legally form your business

One key decision to make that will have far-reaching consequences with taxes and more is your business’s legal structure. The three most common legal structures that pertain to small businesses are a sole proprietorship, a limited liability company (LLC) and an S Corporation (S-Corp for short). 

Each structure outlines its own set of distinctions and protections for operating your business. 

Sole proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is probably the simplest structure to understand and use. A sole proprietorship is owned by one individual (the sole proprietor). You don’t need to file any paperwork to “incorporate” your business as a sole proprietorship. If you begin operating a business and don’t file as any business structure, you’ll be automatically considered a sole proprietorship, according to the Small Business Administration (SBA). 

However, because a sole proprietorship doesn’t create a separate entity for your business, you are liable for your business’s debts.

“I rarely recommend a sole proprietorship because it’s the default structure and you aren’t taking advantage of the legal rights you can have with other business structures,” says Shaliz Sadig Romano, the Co-Managing Partner at Romano Law, a law firm that represents entrepreneurs. “If something goes wrong, we want to make sure the assets of the company are what’s on the line, not your house, car or other personal assets.” 

Limited liability corporation (LLC)

Next down the line is an LLC. As the name suggests, an LLC limits the liability you may take on from your business activities. With this type of legal structure, your business becomes an entity that’s separate from you and will have its own bank account and taxpayer ID. 

This creates a huge advantage for you as the business owner since you’ll be able to protect your personal assets from liabilities, debt, lawsuits or bankruptcies incurred by your business. 

According to Romano, filing for an LLC also sets your business up for growth – investors may feel more comfortable getting involved with an LLC, for example, and you also can hire employees under this structure.  

“As the saying goes, an LLC is a lawyer’s likely choice because it’s great for small businesses and even some bigger ones that want to keep growing,” Romano says. 

S Corporation

An S Corp is another legal structure that provides limited liability protection to the business owner, much like an LLC. Both LLC’s and S Corps are considered “pass-through” entities because the business itself doesn’t pay taxes but rather the tax liability “passes through” to the owner’s personal taxes. Both structures allow owners to protect the owner’s personal assets. 

One key difference between the two is that an LLC can have an unlimited number of owners (called members or shareholders) while an S Corp can have no more than 100 shareholders.

Which one is right for you?

Begin by thinking about where you see your business heading. This can provide some clues about which structure may be right for you.

“What I tell clients before diving in is that it’s important to have a vision of where you want to start and what you want to see in the next two to five years,” Romano explains. “Are you looking to be a really small solopreneur like a consultant and don’t intend on hiring or having office space? Or are you looking for something much bigger?”  

For instance, if you’re planning to run an online e-commerce business on a platform like Etsy all by yourself on the weekends, you may feel secure enough to run it as a sole proprietorship. But if you want to open up a storefront and can see yourself seeking assistance from investors one day, an LLC or S Corp may be a better fit for you. 

Another consideration is the scope of your business practices. According to Romano, while an LLC is fine for doing business in the U.S., not all countries recognize an LLC as a legal entity or have different rules around it. So if you plan on doing business overseas, you’ll want to read up carefully on that country’s practices around legal structures so you can choose the one that’s right for you. 

The other thing to consider are requirements for filing an S Corp. To file an S Corp, you must be a U.S. citizen or legal resident and your business must operate domestically. You also can’t have more than 100 shareholders — a person or organization that owns stock in the company — and those shareholders must have voting rights. 

This is not the case for filing an LLC. You don’t need to be a U.S. citizen or legal resident to file an LLC. 

Understanding the requirements and do’s and don’ts of each of the legal structures can give you a sense of which one best suits your needs. LegalZoom also offers tools to help you figure out which type of legal structure is best for your business.

These companies help you legally form your business

LegalZoom

  • Cost

  • App available?

  • Standout features

    LegalZoom offers all sorts of legal document templates online so users can avoid having to hire an outside lawyer. Its downloadable wills, living wills and financial power of attorney documents make it easy to estate plan. LegalZoom also has its own network of attorneys that customers can utilize to ask questions, etc.

For a more bare-bones service, Tailor Brands is a standout option. At the most basic tier, you can file an LLC application in your state and get it processed within 14 days. For this, you’ll only pay your state’s filing fee. Other tiers are more costly but offer services beyond just LLC application filing.

The highest pricing tier for Tailor Brands — the Elite package — comes with LLC formation, expedited LLC filing (processed within two days), legal compliance, a domain name and website plus a $50 Amazon gift card all for $249 per year plus your state’s fee. You’ll also get access to a host of additional business tools with this tier, like digital business cards, eight free logos and more.

Tailor Brands

  • Cost

    From $0 to $249/year + state fee

  • Free trial available?

  • Standout features

    Tailor Brands offers a basic LLC filing service for new business owners that costs $0 (you’ll just pay your state’s filing fee). It also offers a more comprehensive suite of business management services for a yearly subscription fee, including a website, domain, compliance services, business cards, logos and more.

Another service, Bizee, offers a ton of bang for your buck even at the most basic pricing tier ($0 + your state’s filing fee). At this pricing level, you can take advantage of

  • unlimited business name searches
  • paperwork filing
  • access to a Registered Agent (to assist with state compliance for a year)
  • compliance alerts
  • banking offers
  • business tax consulting
  • unlimited phone and email support.

There are also several add-ons for an additional charge that you can pick and choose from.

Bizee

  • Cost

    From $0 to $299/year + state fee

  • Free trial available?

  • Standout features

    Bizee offers a slew of features even at the most basic pricing tier. You’ll be able to submit your business filing, receive compliance alerts and take advantage of business tax consultations, business banking offers and unlimited phone and email support. There are also several add ons you can pay extra for at any tier.

Apply for a business license (if you need one)

Apply for an Employer Identification Number (EIN)

Consider business insurance

The Hartford Business Insurance

  • Cost

    The best way to estimate your costs is to request a quote

  • Policy highlights

    The Hartford has been offering insurance policies for over 200 years and insures over 1 million small businesses. It offers coverage for a variety of industries and is highly rated for customer satisfaction.

  • App available

Pros

  • Quotes available online
  • Highly rated for customer satisfaction

Cons

  • App doesn’t support business policy management

Nationwide Business Insurance

  • Cost

    The best way to estimate your costs is to request a quote

  • Policy highlights

    Nationwide offers insurance policies for small and large businesses alike in a variety of industries. A number of insurance types also help business owners to tailor their coverage.

  • App available

Open a business bank account

Bluevine Business Checking

On Bluevine’s secure site

  • Special offer

  • Monthly maintenance fee

    Standard $0; Bluevine Plus $30/month (with options to waive); Premier $95/month (with options to waive)

  • Minimum deposit to open

  • Minimum balance

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

    Standard: 2.0% APY on balances up to and including $250,000 if you meet a monthly activity goal* Bluevine Plus: 3.0% APY for Plus customers
    Premier: 4.25% APY without minimum qualifications

  • Free ATM network

    No fees at over 38,000 ATM locations nationwide

  • ATM fee reimbursement

  • Small business perks

  • Overdraft fee

  • Mobile check deposit

Terms apply. Bluevine accounts are FDIC insured up to $3 million per depositor through Coastal Community Bank, Member FDIC

Pros

  • No monthly fees, monthly or daily balance minimums, ACH payment fees, incoming wire fees or overdraft fees
  • Ability to instantly lock and unlock your Bluevine Business Debit Mastercard® for added security
  • Connect to business tools like PayPal, Stripe and Expensify
  • Unlimited transactions

Cons

  • Online only (not great if you prefer in-person banking)
  • No ATM refunds for out-of-network transactions

*The requirements to earn interest are either:

  • Debit Card Spend: Spend $500 per month with Bluevine Business Debit Mastercard® issued by Coastal Community Bank pursuant to a license from Mastercard inc, which can be used everywhere Mastercard® is accepted.
  • Incoming Payments: Receive $2,500 per month in customer payments into Bluevine Business Checking account via ACH, wire transfer, mobile check deposit, or directly from merchant payment processing provider

As for savings accounts, one of the strongest options on the market is the Axos Bank Business Premium Savings account. It doesn’t charge a monthly maintenance fee, doesn’t have a minimum deposit required to open the account and there are no overdraft fees. It offers a very attractive APY for account balances and you can deposit checks into the account through the mobile app.

Axos Bank Business Premium Savings

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

  • Minimum deposit

  • Monthly maintenance fee

  • Maximum transactions

    Up to 6 free withdrawals or transfers per statement cycle

  • Overdraft fees

  • Offer checking account?

  • Offer ATM card?

    Yes, if the account holder has an Axos business checking account

Pros

  • Above-average APY
  • No monthly fees
  • Deposit checks remotely using your mobile device

Cons

  • No physical branches for in-person banking

Set up your accounting system

Quickbooks® Payroll

  • Cost

    Starts at $22.50/month + $6/month per employee (with discount; regular price starts at $75/month + $6/month per employee)

  • Benefits Administration

    401(k) plans, health benefits, workers’ compensation administration

  • HR tools

Xero

  • Cost

    Starts at $3.75 per month for three months (with discount; regular pricing starts at $15 per month)

  • Benefits Administration

    Yes, through a partnership with Gusto

  • HR tools

    Yes, in partnership with Gusto; When you sign up for Xero you get 30 days of Gusto for free and after that, you must pay Gusto’s standard charges

Launch your business

Once you’ve checked off all the other items on your to-do list, the last thing left is to actually launch your business and begin operating. 

Before you launch, it can be helpful to set up social media profiles for yourself so you can spread the word before your business is even running. You may be able to get your early clients and customers through friends and family. 

This is also where you can refer back to your business plan for steps on how you’ll market the business and increase sales. 

Keep in mind that running a business means you’re constantly learning and adapting. There will always be ups and downs but being able to pivot quickly and learn from what’s working (and what’s not working) can help you recover quickly and build a sustainable business.

Meet our experts 

At CNBC Select, we work with experts who have specialized knowledge and authority based on relevant training and/or experience. For this story, we interviewed: 

  • Sheneya Wilson, the Founder and CEO of Fola Financial
  • Shaliz Sadig Romano, the Co-Managing Partner at Romano Law 
  • Dr. Jenny Woo, the Founder and CEO of Mind Brain Emotion 
  • Abby Mercado, the Co-Founder and CEO of Rescripted and a former Venture Capital Investor at the Altira Group

Why trust CNBC Select? 

For rates and fees of the Blue Business Plus Credit Card from from American Express, click here

Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staff’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.





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